Toxicology and Overdose Management

Toxicology and overdose management in the emergency department require a comprehensive approach to assess and manage a wide range of poisoning and overdose cases, including drug toxicity, chemical exposures, and environmental toxins. The initial evaluation focuses on identifying the toxic agent, assessing the severity of poisoning, and implementing appropriate decontamination measures if necessary. Enhanced elimination techniques such as hemodialysis or hemoperfusion may be indicated for certain toxins with a high volume of distribution or significant protein binding. Antidotes play a crucial role in the management of specific toxicities, requiring a detailed understanding of their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, and potential adverse effects. Supportive care, including airway management, cardiovascular support, and correction of electrolyte abnormalities, is essential in managing critically ill toxicology patients. Close monitoring for complications such as respiratory depression, arrhythmias, or neurologic sequelae is necessary to guide further interventions and optimize patient outcomes.