Organogenesis and Fetal Development

Organogenesis involves the formation and differentiation of the major organ systems during embryonic development. Following gastrulation, organogenesis begins with the establishment of the neural tube, which eventually forms the central nervous system. Concurrently, the notochord develops into the spinal column, and somites give rise to muscles and vertebrae. The development of the cardiovascular system includes the formation of the primitive heart tube, which undergoes looping and septation to form a functional four-chambered heart.

Fetal development encompasses the later stages of embryonic development leading to the formation of a recognizable human fetus. By the end of the embryonic period, most major organs and structures are established, and the fetus continues to grow in size and complexity. The fetal stage is characterized by rapid growth and maturation of tissues and organs, with particular emphasis on brain development, limb formation, and differentiation of organs such as the kidneys, liver, and lungs. Towards the end of fetal development, the fetus undergoes significant maturation in preparation for extrauterine life, including the expansion of the lungs and the maturation of the immune system.