Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment

Immunotherapy has emerged as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment that harnesses the patient's immune system to recognize and eradicate tumor cells. Various immunotherapeutic modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and cancer vaccines, have revolutionized cancer care by achieving durable responses and improved survival outcomes in patients with different types of malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, reinvigorate the immune response by releasing brakes that inhibit T cell activation, while CAR T-cell therapy genetically engineers patients' T cells to target specific tumor antigens. Immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift in oncology and continues to evolve with ongoing research efforts to enhance its efficacy and broaden its application across various cancer types.