Genetic Mutations

Genetic mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence that can result in changes to an organism's phenotype. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced by external factors such as radiation or chemicals. Mutations can be classified into different types, including point mutations, insertions, deletions, and chromosomal rearrangements. Point mutations involve changes in single nucleotides and can have varying effects depending on their location and impact on protein function. Understanding the types and consequences of genetic mutations is crucial for MD students, as mutations play a key role in the development of genetic disorders and cancer. Studying mutations provides insights into disease mechanisms, risk assessment, and potential therapeutic targets.