Genetic Information Flow and Regulation

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is a fundamental process that governs cellular functions. The central dogma of molecular biology describes this flow of information: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein. Transcription is the process by which RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA using the DNA template, leading to the production of different types of RNA molecules, such as mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. Translation occurs in the ribosomes, where mRNA is decoded...