Congenital Anomalies and Developmental Disorders

Congenital anomalies and developmental disorders refer to deviations from normal development that result in structural or functional abnormalities in the embryo or fetus. These conditions can arise due to genetic mutations, environmental factors, or a combination of both. Major categories of congenital anomalies include structural anomalies (e.g., cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects), chromosomal anomalies (e.g., Down syndrome, Turner syndrome), and developmental anomalies affecting specif...