Cardiovascular Physiology

Cardiovascular physiology encompasses the study of the heart and blood vessels' functions, which are vital in maintaining blood flow and supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues throughout the body. The heart acts as a muscular pump that contracts rhythmically to propel blood through the circulatory system. Cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, generate action potentials that initiate and coordinate the heart's pumping activity. The cardiac cycle comprises systole, during which the heart con...