Autoimmune Diseases: Pathogenesis and Treatment

Autoimmune diseases arise from dysregulated immune responses that result in the immune system attacking healthy tissues and organs. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases involves genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation, leading to the breakdown of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity. Various autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis, exhibit distinct clinical manifestations and underlying immunopathogenic mechanisms. Treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases aim to suppress aberrant immune responses, reduce inflammation, and modulate immune pathways using immunosuppressive agents, biologics, and targeted therapies. The development of personalized treatment approaches tailored to individual autoimmune conditions is an active area of research, with a focus on optimizing efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.